For years, the European Union stood as one of the world’s most ambitious actors on climate policy. A flagship promise: eliminate the sale of new petrol and diesel cars by 2035 and usher in an age of zero-emission driving — primarily through battery-electric vehicles (EVs). That bold target was part of Europe’s broader Fit for 55 climate package and was designed to slash CO₂ emissions from road transport — so far the largest single source of greenhouse gases on the continent.
But as 2025 draws to a close, that promise has run into political pushback, industry headwinds, and real-world challenges that have reshaped Europe’s electrification journey.
What’s Changing?Under the original rules agreed in 2023, all new cars and light commercial vehicles sold in the EU must have zero CO₂ emissions by January 1, 2035 — effectively banning new petrol and diesel cars.
Now, the European Commission is preparing to replace that outright ban with more flexible emissions reduction targets. Rather than 100 % reduction, the draft proposals being negotiated would require about a 90 % reduction in average CO₂ emissions for new car fleets. Some versions also explicitly allow a limited share of combustion-engine vehicles beyond 2035, including plug-in hybrids or cars that operate on synthetic or biofuels.
In practical terms, this means technology bans are off the table — at least for now. Carmakers could still sell internal-combustion vehicles (ICE) after 2035 if they meet the new emissions criteria or use offset credits.
Europe’s biggest automakers — including giants like Volkswagen, Stellantis, Mercedes-Benz and Renault — have warned that the transition to EVs is happening too fast and could undermine competitiveness, particularly against China and the United States. High production costs, ongoing reliance on imported batteries, and stronger EV subsidies abroad have been cited as competitive threats.
Countries with strong automotive industries, notably Germany and Italy, argued hard in Brussels that a strict 2035 ban could put jobs and factories at risk. European politicians from these countries want consumer choice preserved and the industry given more time to adapt.
EV sales in some regions — especially Central and Eastern Europe — lag behind Western markets, in part due to charging infrastructure gaps and higher electricity costs. This patchwork adoption has added political urgency to rethink one-size-fits-all mandates.
Some analysts warn that watering down the ban could cost Europe its edge in future mobility markets like batteries and electric drivetrains — areas where Asian manufacturers have surged ahead.
The debate isn’t settled. While countries like Germany advocate flexibility, others — notably Spain — have urged the EU not to weaken the 2035 ban, warning that loosening rules could slow the continent’s climate progress and discourage investment in EV technologies.
Across Europe, environmental groups and many EV manufacturers are also loudly opposing the rollback, arguing that it risks losing momentum on climate goals just when the EV market is growing. Hundreds of companies have written to EU leaders urging them to keep the original phase-out plan intact, saying billions of euros have already been invested based on prior commitments.
The Commission’s revised proposal must be approved by EU member states and the European Parliament — so the debate is far from finished. Proponents of the original ban still have allies in Brussels and across Europe pushing to maintain as ambitious a policy as possible.
Meanwhile, the auto industry is watching closely, as decisions made now will shape investment, vehicle design, and infrastructure buildout for years to come. For drivers and car buyers, one thing is certain: the future of mobility in Europe will be electrified — but exactly how fast and how strictly remains an open question.
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